This mapping explores how the Foundation Studies inform an understanding and application of the Laws of UX. Each UX Law finds resonance with specific foundational elements, providing a deeper "why" to the observable "how" of user interaction.
Key Insights:
- UX is Deeply Human-Centric, Rooted in Foundational Cognition: The mapping consistently reveals that effective UX Laws are not arbitrary rules but are direct reflections of fundamental human cognitive processes, perception, and psychological tendencies. The "why" behind a UX Law often traces back to how our brains are wired to perceive, process, and make sense of the world (e.g., Gestalt principles mapping to Visual Art and Composition; Miller's Law to Composition and Abstraction).
- The "Phi Brain" Integration is Evident: Successful UX design, as implied by the mapping, necessitates a blend of what you've termed "right-brain" (conceptual, aesthetic, intuitive) and "left-brain" (structural, analytical, logical) foundational studies. For instance, the Aesthetic-Usability Effect directly draws on Visual Art (right), while Fitts's Law relies on Geometry and Physics (left). Many laws benefit from this dual resonance.
- Structure and Perception are Intertwined: Many UX Laws dealing with how users perceive and organize information (Gestalt Laws, Miller's Law, Serial Position Effect) find strong resonance in foundational studies related to Composition (Verse, Poetry, Visual Art) and Abstraction. This highlights that how we structure information fundamentally shapes how it's perceived and understood.
- Philosophy as an Undercurrent: "Philosophy (Idea, Concept, Theory)" appears as a resonant foundation for several diverse UX laws (Jakob's Law, Parkinson's Law, Law of Prägnanz, Occam's Razor, Pareto Principle, Postel's Law, Tesler's Law). This suggests that a deeper understanding of underlying principles, human tendencies, and logical reasoning provides a crucial framework for effective and ethical design choices.
General Patterns:
- Visual & Compositional Dominance in Perception: Foundational studies like Visual Art (Painting) and Composition (Verse, Poetry) are heavily recurrent, especially for UX Laws related to visual organization, aesthetics, and information hierarchy (Aesthetic-Usability, Goal-Gradient, Hick's, Miller's, all Gestalt Laws, Peak-End, Serial Position, Von Restorff). This underscores the profound impact of visual structure and aesthetic arrangement on user experience.
- Abstraction & Simplification as Core Design Tenets: Abstraction is a key foundational skill for laws emphasizing clarity, efficiency, and managing cognitive load (Hick's Law, Miller's Law, Law of Prägnanz, Occam's Razor, Tesler's Law). This pattern points to the designer's role in distilling complexity.
- The "Left Brain" Underpins Functionality & Measurement: Studies like Mathematics, Geometry, Physics, and Biology frequently appear in relation to UX Laws concerned with measurable aspects of interaction, efficiency, and physical/cognitive constraints (Fitts’s Law, Doherty Threshold, Pareto Principle, Tesler's Law).
- Persuasion & Language for Guidance and Motivation: Persuasion and Language are foundational for laws that involve guiding user behavior, managing expectations, or influencing decision-making (Goal-Gradient, Parkinson's Law, Peak-End, Zeigarnik, Postel's).
- Systemic Understanding for Broader Principles: For more overarching principles like Jakob's Law (mental models), Occam's Razor (simplicity), Pareto Principle (focus), and Tesler's Law (inherent complexity), Philosophy (Idea, Concept, Theory) provides the broad conceptual grounding.
The Laws of UX: Heuristics
1. Aesthetic-Usability Effect: Users perceive aesthetically pleasing designs as more usable. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Visual Art (Painting) (Right Brain): Directly informs the creation of visual harmony, balance, and appeal that define aesthetic quality. The intuitive grasp of form and composition here is key. ▪ Composition (Verse, Poetry) (Right Brain): Contributes through the understanding of rhythm, balance, and pleasing arrangement, principles that extend from verbal to visual structures. 2. Fitts’s Law: Time to acquire a target is a function of the distance to and size of the target. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Geometry (Left Brain): Provides the spatial reasoning for understanding distance, dimension, and placement. ▪ Mathematics (Left Brain): Underpins the quantitative relationships described by the law. ▪ Physics (Left Brain): Offers a framework for understanding motion, time, and interaction within a defined space (the interface). 3. Goal-Gradient Effect: Motivation increases as users get closer to completing a task. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Persuasion (Left Brain): Informs how to structure feedback and progress indicators to effectively motivate and guide. ▪ Composition (Verse, Poetry) (Right Brain): Relates to structuring a narrative or journey with a sense of progression towards a satisfying conclusion. 4. Hick’s Law: Time to make a decision increases with the number and complexity of choices. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Abstraction (Left Brain): Enables the simplification of complex information and the reduction of options to their essential components. ▪ Composition (Verse, Poetry) (Right Brain): Guides the organization of choices into clear, digestible structures. ▪ Language (Left Brain): Ensures clarity in presenting the choices themselves. 5. Jakob’s Law: Users spend most of their time on other sites, meaning they prefer your site to work the same way as all the other sites they already know. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Philosophy (Idea, Concept, Theory) (Right Brain): Facilitates understanding of established mental models, conventions, and the underlying "theory" of user expectations. ▪ Theory (Right Brain): Recognizes patterns of interaction that have become de facto standards. 6. Miller’s Law: The average person can only keep about 7 (plus or minus 2) items in their working memory. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Composition (Verse, Poetry) (Right Brain): Informs the "chunking" of information into manageable segments, much like stanzas or verses. ▪ Abstraction (Left Brain): Aids in distilling information to its most critical pieces to avoid cognitive overload. 7. Parkinson’s Law: Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Persuasion (Left Brain): Can be used to frame task duration and manage user expectations for efficiency. ▪ Philosophy (Idea, Concept, Theory) (Right Brain): Understanding this human tendency allows for designing processes that feel quicker than anticipated, enhancing satisfaction.
The Laws of UX: Gestalt Principles
1. Law of Common Region: Elements tend to be perceived into groups if they are sharing an area with a clearly defined boundary. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Visual Art (Painting) (Right Brain): Directly applies principles of grouping, containment, and figure-ground relationships. ▪ Composition (Verse, Poetry) (Right Brain): Relates to how visual boundaries create distinct "stanzas" or sections within a layout. ▪ Geometry (Left Brain): Informs the creation and perception of defined regions and boundaries. 2. Law of Proximity: Objects that are near, or proximate to each other, tend to be grouped together. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Visual Art (Painting) (Right Brain): A core principle of visual organization and grouping. ▪ Composition (Verse, Poetry) (Right Brain): Similar to how line breaks or spacing group related ideas in text. ▪ Geometry (Left Brain): Understanding spatial relationships is key. 3. Law of Prägnanz (Simplicity): People will perceive and interpret ambiguous or complex images as the simplest form possible. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Visual Art (Painting) (Right Brain): Relates to achieving clarity and impact through essential forms. ▪ Abstraction (Left Brain): The cognitive process of reducing complexity to simpler, understandable structures. ▪ Philosophy (Idea, Concept, Theory) (Right Brain): Connects to the pursuit of essential truths and the elegance of simplicity in form and idea. 4. Law of Similarity: The human eye tends to perceive similar elements in a design as a complete picture, shape, or group, even if those elements are separated. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Visual Art (Painting) (Right Brain): Fundamental to creating visual systems through repetition of color, shape, texture. ▪ Composition (Verse, Poetry) (Right Brain): Analogous to thematic repetition or consistent stylistic elements that unify a work. 5. Law of Uniform Connectedness: Elements that are visually connected are perceived as more related than elements with no connection. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Visual Art (Painting) (Right Brain): Using lines, implied paths, or shared containers to create explicit relationships. ▪ Geometry (Left Brain): Understanding how lines and forms connect to establish relationships. ▪ Sculpting (Left Brain): Offers a tangible understanding of how forms connect and relate in three-dimensional space, which translates to 2D connection. The Laws of UX: Cognitive Bias 1. Peak-End Rule: People judge an experience largely based on how they felt at its peak and at its end, rather than the total sum or average of every moment. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Composition (Verse, Poetry) (Right Brain): Understanding narrative structure, climax, and resolution to craft memorable high points and satisfying conclusions. ▪ Persuasion (Left Brain): Knowing how to create emotionally resonant moments that shape memory. 2. Serial Position Effect: Users have a propensity to best remember the first and last items in a series. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Composition (Verse, Poetry) (Right Brain): Relates to the importance of openings and closings in structuring information for impact and recall. ▪ Language (Left Brain): Understanding how sequence affects comprehension and memory. 3. Von Restorff Effect (Isolation Effect): When multiple similar objects are present, the one that differs from the rest is most likely to be remembered. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Visual Art (Painting) (Right Brain): The principle of emphasis through contrast. ▪ Composition (Verse, Poetry) (Right Brain): Creating focus and drawing attention through strategic deviation from a pattern. 4. Zeigarnik Effect: People remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed tasks. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Persuasion (Left Brain): Understanding how to create engagement and a desire for completion. ▪ Philosophy (Idea, Concept, Theory) (Right Brain): Recognizing the cognitive tension created by incompleteness. The Laws of UX: Additional Principles 1. Doherty Threshold: Productivity soars when a computer and its users interact at a pace (<400ms) that ensures that neither has to wait on the other. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Physics (Left Brain): Understanding time as a critical factor in system interaction. ▪ Biology (Left Brain): Relates to human processing speeds and the perception of responsiveness. 2. Occam’s Razor: Among competing hypotheses, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected; or, the simplest solution is often the best. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Philosophy (Idea, Concept, Theory) (Right Brain): A core principle of logical reasoning and theoretical elegance. ▪ Abstraction (Left Brain): The skill of reducing systems to their essential, functional simplicity. 3. Pareto Principle (80/20 Rule): Roughly 80% of effects come from 20% of causes. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Mathematics (Left Brain): Provides the analytical framework for identifying such distributions. ▪ Philosophy (Idea, Concept, Theory) (Right Brain): Informs prioritization and strategic focus on high-impact elements. 4. Postel’s Law (Robustness Principle): Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Philosophy (Idea, Concept, Theory) (Right Brain): Embodies principles of empathy, tolerance, and pragmatic design for varied inputs. ▪ Language (Left Brain): Understanding the need for clear, unambiguous output while being flexible in interpreting diverse inputs. 5. Tesler’s Law (Law of Conservation of Complexity): Every application has an inherent amount of complexity that cannot be removed or hidden. ◦ Foundational Resonance: ▪ Philosophy (Idea, Concept, Theory) (Right Brain): Acknowledges inherent systemic truths and the limits of simplification. ▪ Abstraction (Left Brain): Focuses on managing, rather than eliminating, irreducible complexity, often by shifting it to where it causes least friction. ▪ Physics/Biology/Elementary Chemistry (Left Brain): Understanding that natural systems possess inherent complexity that defines their function.
This mapping suggests that effective UX design is not merely a surface-level practice but is deeply informed by foundational ways of understanding structure, aesthetics, human perception, and systemic behavior. The "phi brain" approach, integrating these diverse studies, provides a robust toolkit for crafting truly resonant and functional experiences.